Ngaba wakha waba nengxaki yokuphendula umbuzo womhloli wendlela "ngowuphi umgaqo ohlangabezana nawo" xa ukhetha iiplagi ezingangeni manzi zaselwandle kwiinqanawa eziqeshiweyo eMelika? Isizathu sokuba iplagi yaselwandle ye-IEC vs USCG iphazamise umthengi kukuba ezi seti zimbini zeefayile zichaza amakhonkco ahlukeneyo kwindawo efanayo yoqhagamshelo: enye imisela iimfuno zokuvelisa iiplagi zaselwandle, kwaye enye imisela iindlela zoqhagamshelo lombane.
Yintoni efunekayo kwi-IEC 60092-507 kwiiplagi zasemanzini?
Ngokwenguqulelo yangoku yeKhomishini ye -International Electrotechnical Commission , i-IEC 60092-507 ichaza imithetho yoyilo lweeplagi zaselwandle, iisokhethi kunye nezihlanganisi ezisetyenziswa kwiinqanawa ezincinci ezinobude obungadluli kwiimitha ezingama-50 okanye i-gross tonnage (GT) engadluli kwiitoni ezingama-500. Phantsi kwalo mgangatho, umda wevolthi ephezulu yenkqubo ye-AC yenqanawa yi-250V kwisigaba esinye kunye ne-500V kwisigaba sesithathu, kwaye umda wevolthi ephezulu yenkqubo yeDC yi-50V.
Umgangatho ucacisa imiqathango malunga nomgama wokunxibelelana, ukuvala iintambo ngoomatshini (uyilo oluchasene nokuguga phakathi kweeplagi kunye neesokhethi ukuthintela ukufakwa kakubi kweenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo) kunye nokufakelwa ubushushu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiplagi zaselwandle kunye neesokhethi eziveliswa ngabavelisi abahlukeneyo zinokufakwa ngokukhuselekileyo nokuba zahlulwe iminyaka emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, umgangatho ngokwawo awuchazi indlela amaplagi ombane aselunxwemeni afanele aqhagamshelwe ngayo kwi-switchboard yenqanawa, kwaye awuchazi ukuba yeyiphi i-breaker ekufuneka ikhusele isekethe.
Xa uthenga iiplagi ezingangeni manzi zasemanzini , kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqinisekise inombolo yohlelo lwe-IEC ephawulwe kwiplagi yasemanzini ngaphambi kokuba ufake iodolo, njengoko isithuba sephini sinokwahluka kancinci kwiinguqulelo ezindala. Nika ingqalelo kumthengi wemigangatho yeeplagi ezingangeni manzi zasemanzini, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba amanani eenguqulelo asetyenzisiweyo kuzo zombini iziphelo zoqhagamshelo ayalingana.
Iinqanawa zokuzonwabisa ezingaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-24 ubude kwaye zihambelana ne-EU Recreational Craft Directive azinazo iimfuneko ze-IEC 60092-507, ngaphandle kweenkqubo zezigaba ezintathu ezine-voltage engaphezulu kwe-500V. Oku kwenza iinqanawa ezincinci kunye neenqanawa ezinkulu zezigaba ezintathu kufuneka zilandele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthobela imithetho.
Funda inqaku elihambelanayo: Ikhowudi ye-IMPA yoMbane waseLwandle Isalathiso esipheleleyo seReferensi ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe
Yintoni egutyungelwa yiMithetho yamandla e-USCG 46 CFR Shore?
Ummiselo wamandla onxweme lwe-USCG, oko kukuthi, i-46 CFR 183.390 kunye ne-120.390 ehambelanayo, ufuna ukuba inkqubo yombane yenqanawa ene-voltage engaphezulu kwe-50V ifakwe ngokusisigxina kunye nebhokisi yoqhagamshelo lwamandla onxweme, iintambo ezikhethekileyo kunye nee-circuit breakers. Le migaqo ibhekisa kwindlela yokufaka, kungekhona kwimo yeplagi ngokwayo okanye kwinqanaba lokhuseleko lwe-IP.
Lo mthetho ukwafuna umsebenzi wokudibanisa phakathi kwesixhobo sokwaphula isekethe yamandla olwandle kunye nombane wenqanawa ukuthintela amandla olwandle kunye nejenereyitha ethwala inqanawa ekunikezeleni amandla kwi-switchboard ngaxeshanye, ukuze kuthintelwe ukufikelela ngaxeshanye kwezixhobo zombane ezimbini. Oku akuchazi inani leepini, izinto zoqhagamshelwano okanye i-IP grade yesokethi.
Ngoko ke, ngelixa ihlangabezana neemfuno zocingo lwe-USCG, indawo yokuthutha imikhumbi kufuneka ikhethe iplagi yolwandle elinganiswe yi-IEC ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zemigaqo yokufakela kunye noyilo lomzimba lwesixhumi. Iinqanawa zabakhweli eziphantsi kokuhlolwa ngokweSahluko K okanye iSahluko T se-46 CFR mazilandele imigaqo efanayo yocingo lwamandla olwandle; iinqanawa ezinkulu ezihlolwe ngokwesahluko esingaphantsi kwe-J nazo zinokufuna ukuphononongwa yiZiko loKhuseleko lwaseLwandle ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe unxibelelwano lolwandle olunevolthi ephezulu (HVSC) .
Ukungabikho kwale manyathelo kuya kuzisa iingozi zokwenyani: iplagi yolwandle ehambelana ne-IEC 60092-507 ayisayi kuba nagunya ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwenqanawa ye-USCG ukuba ixhotyiswe ngomgca we-circuit breaker ngaphandle komsebenzi wokuqhagamshela; ngokuchaseneyo, ibhokisi ye-circuit breaker efakwe kakuhle, ukuba ixhotyiswe ngeplagi yomgangatho wasekhaya, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingasebenzi kwindawo emanzi yedekhi ixesha elingaphantsi kwexesha elinye.
Isebenza njani imithetho ye-IEC kunye ne-USCG kwiSikepe esinye?
Iinqanawa ezincinci zabakhweli baseMelika zihlala zisebenzisa ezi ndlela zilandelayo ukujongana nokusetyenziswa kweplagi yolwandle ye-IEC vs USCG: ukufakwa ngokusisigxina kwebhokisi yamandla olwandle ngokwe-46 CFR 183.390, kunye neeplagi ezihambelana nomgangatho we-IEC 60092-507 okanye we-IEC 60309 ekupheleni. Ezi seti zimbini zemigangatho zijolise kwindawo enye yoqhagamshelo, kodwa iinkcukacha zikwinqanaba ezahlukeneyo: enye yinqanaba lolawulo, kwaye enye yinqanaba loyilo loomatshini.
Imigaqo ye-USCG iqinisekisa ikakhulu ukuba iingcingo zifakwe ngokuchanekileyo na, ngelixa imigangatho ye-IEC iqinisekisa ikakhulu ukuba iplagi ngokwayo iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokwakha zaselwandle. Xa kuhlolwa iinqanawa ezisekwe kwi-46 CFR, abahloli bagxila kwi-interlocks ze-circuit breaker kunye ne-cable routing, endaweni ye-pin geometry, ngaphandle kokuba uluntu lodidi lufuna ukusetyenziswa kwesixhumi esine-IEC-marked connector.
Uthelekiso phakathi kwe-IEC 60092-507 kunye ne-USCG 46 CFR:
| umba | IEC 60092-507 | I-USCG 46 CFR (183.390 / 120.390) |
|---|---|---|
| Oko kulawulwa yiyo | Uyilo lweplagi, isokhethi kunye ne-coupler | Ukufakelwa kweentambo zombane zolwandle |
| Umbutho okhuphayo | IKhomishoni yamazwe ngamazwe | Unogada woNxweme lwaseMelika |
| Isebenza kwi | Iinqanawa kunye neenqwelo-moya zokuzonwabisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50m / 500 GT | Iinqanawa ezineflegi yase-US ezingaphezulu kweenkqubo ze-50V |
| Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo | 16A/20A, 2P+E okanye 3P+E | Ayixhomekekanga kwisixhumi esithile |
| Igubungela ukalisho lwe-IP | Ewe, ngokusebenzisa iindawo ze-IEC ezinxulumeneyo | Hayi |
Uqwalaselo lwePlug Pin yeMarine eqhelekileyo
Uqwalaselo oluqhelekileyo lweplagi yolwandle lulandelayo: isekethe yesigaba esinye se-16A okanye i-20A isebenzisa uqwalaselo lwe-2P + E (iipali ezimbini kunye ne-grounding, oko kukuthi, i-Pole pole + Earth grounding), kwaye isekethe yesigaba sesithathu isebenzisa uqwalaselo lwe-3P + E olunenqanaba elifanayo langoku. Kwinkqubo yemigca engathathi cala yesigaba sesithathu yeenqanawa ezinkulu, uqwalaselo lwephini yeplagi yolwandle luya kwandiswa kwiindidi ezifana ne-4P + E kunye ne-5-pin.
Ikhowudi yombala idla ngokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwisigaba esinye kunye nombala obomvu kwisigaba sesithathu, nto leyo enceda abasebenzi ukuba baphephe ukudibana okungahambelaniyo kweesekethe xa befaka izihlanganisi zombane zaselwandle. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwevolthi yesihlanganisi sekhabhini yi-100V-130V ukuya kwi-380V-460V. Ukujonga umbala kunye nokuchonga ivolthi ngaphambi kokuba uqhagamshele kunokuthintela ukonakalisa izixhobo zebhodi yenqanawa ngenxa yokungafani kweenkcukacha.
Ithetha ukuthini i-IP56 Rating kwi-Marine Watertight Plug
Iplagi yolwandle ye-IP56 ithintela uthuli olunobungozi ukuba lungangeni kwaye imelana nefuthe leejethi zamanzi ezinamandla ezivela kwi-nozzle enobubanzi obuyi-12.5mm kumgama weemitha eziyi-2.5 ukuya kwezi-3. Olu vavanyo lwe-IP alusebenzi kwiimeko zokuntywiliselwa ngokupheleleyo, ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo xa kumiselwa indawo yokufakelwa kwedekhi.
Inombolo yokuqala ethi “5” ibonisa ukuba iqokobhe likhuselwe luthuli , kodwa alithintelwanga luthuli ngokupheleleyo (eli nqanaba lilelenqanaba eliphezulu le-IP6X).
Inombolo yesibini "6" iqinisekisa ukuba iplagi inokumelana neejethi zamanzi ezinamandla kwaye ifanelekile ukufakwa kwiindawo ezivulekileyo zedekhi ezidla ngokudibana neepayipi zokuhlamba kunye namanzi emvula , kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiindawo ezinamanzi amaninzi ezinokuthi ziqokeleleke.
Ukuba isixhumi selwandle sifakwe ngaphantsi komda wamanzi okanye sisemngciphekweni wokukhukula rhoqo, kufuneka izisekelo ezingangeni manzi zaselwandle ze-IP67 okanye ze-IP68, njengoko iplagi yelwandle ye-IP56 yenzelwe ukuphendula kwi-spray endaweni yokuntywiliselwa.
I-Brass okanye iPlastiki: Ngowuphi umzimba wePlug yaseMarine ohlala ixesha elide?
Iiplagi ezifakwe kwiiplastiki ezinefuthe eliphezulu ezifana ne-nylon okanye i-PA66 (iplastiki yobunjineli enamandla aphezulu) ziyamelana ne-ultraviolet (UV) kunye nokubola kweekhemikhali. Ukudibanisa kwe-brass okunyangwa nge-tin, i-nickel okanye i-gold plating kunokumelana nokubola kwe-galvanic (ukubola kwe-galvanic, oko kukuthi, ukusabela kokubola kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo kwindawo ye-electrolyte) okulula ukwenzeka kwi-brass engenanto emanzini olwandle.
Xa kuthelekiswa iplagi yolwandle yebrass vs plastic, inkqubo yokugquma idla ngokuba yeyona ibaluleke kakhulu kune-substrate ngokwayo.
Iqokobhe lethusi elingenanto ngaphandle konyango lokugquma linomhlwa okhawulezayo kuneqokobhe le-nylon kwindawo yokutshiza ityuwa. Ke ngoko, uninzi lweeplagi zasemanzini zisebenzisa iplastiki okanye i-nylon njengeqokobhe, kwaye inxalenye yephini eqhubayo isebenzisa isinyithi. Izixhobo ze-nylon akufuneki zifakwe ngaphantsi komda wamanzi, kwaye lo mgaqo uyasebenza nakwiindawo zokufaka umbane ezifakwe kwiindawo ezifanayo ezimanzi.
Izikhonkwane zethusi ezifakwe kwi-tin okanye kwi-nickel ezidityaniswe nee-silicone O-rings kwiindawo ze-nylon ezingamelaniyo ne-UV zingcono kakhulu xa zidityaniswe ne-plastic marine plug xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimeko zokufakelwa kwedekhi kunye neekhabhini. Ukudibana ngqo kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo ezingenanto kwiindawo zokutshiza ityuwa kusesona sizathu siqhelekileyo sokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezikhonkwane zaselwandle.
FAQ
Akufuneki. Ngenxa yokuba i-USCG 46 CFR 183.390 ichaza indlela yokuxhuma umbane kunye nokukhusela uqhagamshelo lwamandla olwandle, ayibandakanyi uyilo olubonakalayo lweplagi yolwandle, kwaye ayithinteli inani leepini okanye inqanaba le-IP. Iinqanawa zihlala zikhetha iiplagi zolwandle ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-IEC 60092-507 okanye ye-IEC 60309 ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezakhiwo zolwandle.
I-IEC 60309 igubungela izihlanganisi zepini kunye nezikhonkwane zemikhono ezikumgangatho wezoshishino ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya neendawo zokubeka iinqanawa, ngelixa i-IEC 60092-507 ijolise ekufakweni kombane kweenqanawa ezincinci kunye neenqanawa ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezingama-50 ubude. Abathengi beenqanawa badla ngokubona le migangatho mibini ikhankanyiweyo ecaleni kwelinye kwitheyibhile yedatha yesihlanganisi seenqanawa.
Uninzi lweeplagi zasemanzini zisebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-2P + E kwisekethe yesigaba esinye kunye nolungelelwaniso lwe-3P + E kwisekethe yesigaba sesithathu. Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo langoku yi-16A okanye i-20A. Uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka umele isigaba esinye kwaye ubomvu umele ikhowudi yombala yesigaba sesithathu, enceda abasebenzi ukuba baqaphele ngokukhawuleza isokhethi echanekileyo ngexesha lokufaka umbane elunxwemeni.
I-brass engenanto engagqunywanga idlaka ngokukhawuleza kune-nayiloni eqokobheni emanzini olwandle, kodwa ii-contacts ze-brass ezigqunywe nge-nayiloni okanye i-PA66 shell zinokumelana okuhle nokugqwala. Izikhokelo zobugcisa zakutshanje zabavelisi bezihlanganisi zibonisa ukuba ii-contacts ze-brass ezigqunywe nge-tin, nickel-plated okanye gold-plated kufuneka zikhethwe kwiimeko zaselwandle, kwaye ii-shells zeplastiki ezimelana ne-UV kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
I-IEC 60092-507 imisela ukuba kwiinqanawa ezinobude obungadluli kwiimitha ezingama-50 okanye itoni iyonke engadluli kwiitoni ezingama-500, umda ophezulu wevolthi yesigaba esinye senkqubo ye-AC yi-250V, umda ophezulu wevolthi yesigaba esithathu yi-500V, kwaye umda ophezulu wevolthi yenkqubo ye-DC yi-50V.
isiphelo
Umahluko phakathi kweeplagi zolwandle ze-IEC kunye ne-USCG kukuba i-IEC 60092-507 kunye nemigangatho yeeplagi ze-IEC ezinxulumene nazo zichaza iimfuno zokwenziwa kweplagi yolwandle ngokwayo, ngelixa i-USCG 46 CFR ichaza indlela yokufaka uqhagamshelo lwamandla olwandle kwiinqanawa zaseMelika.
Uninzi lwezisombululo zokuthobela imithetho zihlangabezana neeseti ezimbini zemigangatho ngaxeshanye: ibhokisi yonxweme enentambo engapheliyo, kunye neplagi yendlu yenylon eneempawu ze-IEC, IP56 okanye ngaphezulu, kunye nezihlanganisi ezigqunyiweyo ekupheleni.
Ukuqinisekisa imigangatho emibini ngaxeshanye ngaphambi kokufaka iodolo, endaweni yokulinda inqanawa ifumane ingxaki emva kokuhlolwa, okunokuthintela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe, ukuze inkqubo yamandla olwandle lwenqanawa ikwazi ukugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo kunye noyilo loomatshini.
Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe, funda iMarine Electrical Connector: Iingcebiso ezi-7 ezibalulekileyo zoKhuseleko oluPhezulu.
