Nyali za incandescent
Nyali za incandescent zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri pa zombo, monga magetsi oyendetsa ndege, magetsi owonetserako, magetsi owopsa ndi etc.The filament material of the incandescent nyali ndi tungsten zitsulo. Pamene madzi akudutsa, mpweyawo umatenthetsa ulusiwo. Kutentha kukapitilira madigiri 3000, ulusiwo umakhala wowoneka bwino komanso wonyezimira. Chigoba chagalasi chimadzazidwa ndi mpweya wa inert kuteteza filament. Kapangidwe kake ka okosijeni komwe kamapezeka kumalepheretsanso kuti ulusiwo usatuluke. Pali mitundu ingapo ya filaments yopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndipo imakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Nyali za tungsten halogen zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kukula kwake kochepa komanso kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kochepa. Nyaliyo imadzazidwa ndi ayodini ndi bromine kupanga halides pa kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimabwerezedwa mosalekeza kuti aziyeretsa mkati mwa galasi. Nyali zamtundu wa tungsten halogen ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mopingasa, apo ayi zidzadetsedwa pansi ndikuchepetsa moyo wautumiki.
Low-voltage fulorosenti nyali
Nyali ya fulorosenti imadzazidwa ndi mpweya wa mercury ndi mpweya wochepa, womwe umapanga kuwala kwa ultraviolet pambuyo pokondwera ndi magetsi, ndipo kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi phosphors pa khoma la nyali kumapanga machitidwe a atomiki, ndi kusakhazikika kwa ma elekitironi amphamvu kwambiri kumunsi. obits ndi kumasula ma photon, omwe amawonekera ndi maso. Kuwala koyera, mofanana ndi mtundu wa kuwala kwa dzuwa, nthawi zina kumatchedwa kuwala kwa fulorosenti.
Mpweya wa inert mu khoma la chubu la nyali umaphatikizapo argon, neon, xenon ndi mpweya wina woteteza mercury kuchokera ku mankhwala. Mpweyawu uli ndi mphamvu ya 0.3% yokha ya mumlengalenga, choncho imatchedwanso nyali yotsika kwambiri ya fulorosenti. Kupaka kwa luminescent pakhoma la nyali nthawi zambiri kumakhala phosphor wosakanikirana ndi zitsulo ndi zosowa zapadziko lapansi. The filament wa nyali fulorosenti ndi tungsten yokutidwa ndi barium ndi calcium okusayidi nyali ndi otsika matenthedwe ma radiation zinthu, amene ali ndi makhalidwe zoipa kukana-tcheru. Pamene pakali pano ikuyenda, kukana kumachepa ndipo zambiri zamakono zimapangidwira. Ngati magetsi ndi voteji nthawi zonse, nyali fulorosenti posachedwapa adzakhala Self-kugwa, pofuna kulamulira panopa kupewa kugwa, nyali fulorosenti ayenera kuwonjezera ballast wothandiza kulamulira panopa.
Chosavuta kwambiri chosinthira magetsi ndikumangirira koyilo pakatikati pa maginito. Mawonekedwe a inductance a koyilo amachepetsa njira yosinthira magetsi. Kukula kwa ballast kumasankhidwa molingana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndi ma frequency.Votex ya alternating current sikokwanira kuyambitsa nyali yayitali ya chubu. The ballast angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chipangizo chilimbikitso kusintha voteji wa 220 kuti 600V. Kuchulukirachulukira kochulukira kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwapano. The inductive ballast nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi capacitor kuti isinthe mphamvu. chinthu. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya DC idzadya mphamvu zambiri ngati ingayambitse nyali za fulorosenti mwachindunji koma ballast iyenera kukhala yotsutsa.
Mfundo ntchito ya ballast ndi motere:
Udindo wa ballast ndi: kuwongolera ndi kuwongolera voteji. Pambuyo poyatsa magetsi, 220V alternating current imadutsa pa ballast, ndipo voteji yapamwamba ya pafupifupi 600V imapangidwa pansi pa machitidwe a inductance ya ballast. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chubu cha nyali, chubu cha nyali sichiwonetsera, koma choyambira kumbali ina ya chubu cha nyali chimagwirizanitsidwa mofanana. Mpweya wokwera wa 600V umapezeka kudzera mu filament ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa chiyambi. Popeza babu ya neon mkati mwa choyambitsa sichingathe kupirira voteji yapamwamba ya 600V, imaphwanya mpweya wa neon mu bulbu ya neon, ndipo imatulutsa kuwala kofiira. Kutentha kumatuluka, ndipo kukhudzana kwamafuta mu babu ya neon, pansi pa kutentha, kumafalikira ndikukhudza kukhudzana kwina. Pambuyo polumikizana, babu ya neon imakhala yozungulira. Pambuyo pa nthawi yaifupi, filament ya nyali ili mu Pansi pa zochitika zafupipafupi, imakhala ndi mphamvu, imawala, ndipo imapanga kutentha.
Chifukwa chafupikitsa mu babu ya neon, nsonga ziwiri za babu za neon sizikhalanso ndi magetsi. Patapita kanthawi, waya wotentha mu babu ya neon amazizira, amachepa, ndipo zolumikizira zimachotsedwa. Chifukwa filament yotentha mu babu ya neon mu choyambira imachotsedwa, ma filaments pa malekezero onse a nyali sangathe kupeza voteji ndikusiya kutulutsa ndi kutentha, koma mpweya wa mercury mu nyali siwozizira, ndipo pamene choyambitsa chimachotsedwa. nthawi yomweyo, nthunzi ya mercury mu chubu cha nyali imayatsa ndi kutulutsa kuwala pansi pa kutentha ndi 600V mkulu voteji. Pambuyo potulutsa kuwala, kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumalekezero onse a chubu la nyali kumatsika mpaka pafupifupi 110V. Nyaliyo imagwira ntchito mokhazikika pansi pa 110V alternating current. Komabe, chifukwa voteji ya choyambira imatsikira ku 110V, babu ya neon mkati silingayatse ndikutulutsa kuwala, kotero choyambira sichikugwira ntchito. Pakadali pano, njira zogwirira ntchito za nyali ya fulorosenti zatha. Ngati nyaliyo ikulephera kuyamba nthawi imodzi, choyambiracho chidzayatsidwa ndi kuzimitsidwa mobwerezabwereza mpaka nyaliyo ikugwira ntchito bwino.
Nyali zopulumutsa mphamvu
Nyali yopulumutsa mphamvu kwenikweni ndi nyali ya compact fulorosenti yokhala ndi ballast yake. Nyali yopulumutsa mphamvu yamagetsi imatenthetsa ulusi wa chubu cha nyali kudzera mu ballast. Pamene kutentha kuli pafupi 1160K, ulusiwo umayamba kutulutsa ma elekitironi (wokhazikika ndi wokutidwa pa ulusi). Ma electron powders) Ma elekitironi amawombana ndi ma atomu a argon motsanuka. Ma atomu a argon akawombana, amapeza mphamvu ndikugunda maatomu a mercury. Pambuyo kuyamwa mphamvu, kusintha kumapanga ionization; 253.7nm kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumatulutsa, ndipo kuwala kwa ultraviolet kumapangitsa phosphor kutulutsa kuwala. Pansi pamalingaliro okwaniritsa mphamvu yofananira yowunikira, gwero lowunikirali limangofunika kugwiritsa ntchito 1/5 mpaka 1/4 yamagetsi ogwiritsira ntchito nyali wamba wamba, zomwe zimatha kupulumutsa mphamvu zambiri zowunikira ndi ndalama, motero zimatchedwa mphamvu. - nyali zopulumutsa.
Germicidal nyali
Mfundo ya nyali za germicidal ndi nyali za fulorosenti ndizofanana, ndipo zimakhala za nyali yotsika kwambiri ya mercury. Nyali ya mercury yotsika kwambiri imakondwera ndi kutsika kwa mercury vapor pressure (<10-2Pa) kuti itulutse kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Pali mizere iwiri yayikulu yotulutsa: imodzi ndi kutalika kwa 253.7nm; ina ndi 185nm wavelength, zonse zomwe zimawonekera ndi maso. Kuwala kwa UV kosawoneka.
Nyali yowononga majeremusi sifunika kusinthidwa kukhala kuwala kowoneka bwino, ndipo kutalika kwa 253.7nm kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kutseketsa bwino. Ichi ndi chifukwa mayamwidwe sipekitiramu mafunde kuwala ndi maselo ali ndi lamulo. Kuwala kwa ultraviolet pa 250 ~ 270nm kumakhala ndi kuyamwa kwakukulu, ndipo kuwala kwa Ultraviolet komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni kumagwira ntchito pamtundu wa maselo, ndiko kuti, DNA. Iwo amasewera ngati photochemical kwenikweni. Mphamvu ya ma ultraviolet photon imatengedwa ndi magawo awiri a DNA, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma genetic asinthe. Kotero kuti mabakiteriya amafa nthawi yomweyo kapena sangathe kubereka ana, kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kulera.
