Mō ngā rama mō ngā rohe morearea o te moana, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te ATEX me te IECEx hei tiwhikete whakawhiti. Ko ngā whakaritenga e tika ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te whenua haki o te kaipuke, te rōpū whakarōpū, te whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea me ngā whakaritenga kaupapa.
Kua whakakahoretia kētia tō rama papa Rohe 1 i te wā o te tirotiro whakamutunga nā te mea he hē te huinga o ngā tiwhikete? Kua utua rānei e koe ngā utu tiwhikete mō te rama kotahi i raro i te ATEX me te IECEx? I roto i ngā tono ā-motu, he mārama te kōwhiringa i waenga i te ATEX me te IECEx. Heoi, i runga i te papa o te kaipuke tāke hua, e toru ngā taumata o tēnei take: te ture haki whenua, ngā ture a te rōpū whakarōpūtanga, me te whakarōpūtanga rohe IEC 60092. He maha ngā wā ka puta te whakaaro hē i te wā tirotiro whakamutunga.
He aha i huri ai te kōwhiringa ATEX me te IECEx i te raina wai
Kāore he pānga ture a ATEX ki ngā taputapu i runga kaipuke. Kāore e whakaaetia ana ngā kaipuke moana, ngā waeine nekeneke moana me ā rātou taputapu i runga kaipuke i raro i te Ture 1(2)(e) o te Ture 2014/34/EU nā te mea kei raro i te mana o te IMO Convention aua taputapu. E whakamārama ana hoki a DNV i te aukati kotahi ki ngā kaihanga i roto i āna aratohu tiwhikete hua ATEX e wātea ana ki te marea.
Kei roto i ngā whakaritenga whānuitanga tēnei whakakorenga, ehara i te mea kei roto i ngā whakaritenga whakakorenga. Nō reira, kāore he ara tiwhikete tohu CE mō ngā rama e hokona ana mō te whakamahi i runga i ngā papa utanga o ngā kaipuke hinu. Tērā pea kei a ngā kaiwhakarato tonu ngā tiwhikete ATEX whai mana – ā, he tokomaha kei a rātou – engari kāore e taea e te tiwhikete te whakautu i ngā pātai i whakaarahia e te kairūri o te rōpū whakarōpū i te papa.
He rerekē te tukanga manatoko a te kairūri whenua. Ko te Kawenata SOLAS, me te Waehere IGF, te Waehere IGC rānei, e tautuhi ana i ngā whāinga haumaru; ko te IEC 60092-502 e tautuhi ana i ngā rohe o te rohe morearea; ā, ko te raupapa IEC 60079 e tautuhi ana i te momo tiaki pahūtanga o te taputapu. Ka taea anake e te tiwhikete te whakaatu i te tutuki i te whakaritenga tuatoru, koia te take kāore e taea e te tiwhikete anake te whakakore i te hapa tirotiro.
I te wā e tuhi ana i ngā whakatakotoranga hangarau, tīmata ki tētahi tuhi whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea kaua ki tētahi rārangi hua. Mā tēnei ka karohia te nuinga o ngā taupatupatu. Mō ngā rama ātete-pahūtanga moana Rohe 1 me te Rohe 2 , ka taea e ngā kaihoko te whiriwhiri tika i ngā hua mai i ngā tuhi i runga i te whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea me te momo tiaki pahūtanga - me te kore e whakawhiti tonu i waenga i ngā pūnaha tiwhikete ATEX me IECEx.
Te Wāhi e Herea Tonu Ana e ATEX te Mekameka Tuku
Kāore ngā whakaurunga pūmau ki tai i te aukatia i te whānuitanga o ATEX. Ka pā te ATEX ki ngā papa pūmau, ngā wāhi rokiroki tāke ki uta, ngā tauranga uta me ngā toa peita o ngā wāhi hanga kaipuke. Mō ngā taputapu kua tukuna ki te mākete EU mō ēnei kaupapa, me whai i te ara tohu CE, ahakoa te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā taputapu ōrite i runga i ngā kaipuke.
Nā reira, he maha ngā whare hanga kaipuke e whakarite ana i ngā huinga whakaritenga hangarau e rua i te wā kotahi. Ko ngā rama e tāutahia ana ki runga i ngā papaaho pūmau ka hiahiatia pea he tiwhikete ATEX, engari ko ngā rama ōrite i runga i ngā kaipuke tāke e tau ana ki te taha kāore e hiahiatia. Ko ngā tīma e whakaaro ana ki ngā mea e rua he taonga hoko kotahi, ka kitea noa tēnei rerekētanga i te wāhanga arotake tuhinga.
Rohe, EPL me te Momo Tiaki: Te Mekameka Kōwhiringa mō te Rama Moana EX
Ko te rohe morearea te tīmatanga mō ngā kōwhiringa katoa e whai ake nei. E ai ki te IEC 60092-502, ko te rūma papu hinu utanga me te rohe i roto i te 3 mita o te putanga o te tāke hinu utanga kua whakarōpūtia hei Rohe 1, me ngā taputapu me te EPL Gb – hei tauira, te Ex db ātete mura, te Ex eb haumaru ake, ngā rama Ex ib haumaru ā-roto rānei. I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2025, i whakarārangihia e te Maritime Executive ēnei rohe ki roto i tētahi pepa hangarau mō te whakarōpūtanga rohe morearea mō ngā kaipuke.
| Rohe | Tauwāhi kaipuke noa | EPL e hiahiatia ana | Ngā momo tiaki rama e whakaaetia ana |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rohe 0 | Ngā roto o te tāke utanga, ngā tāke paru | Ga | He mea anake (rama tirotiro kawe) |
| Rohe 1 | Ngā rūma papu utanga, i roto i te 3 mita o ngā putanga hau, ngā tāke hau, ngā wāhi maha | Gb | He tauira db, he tauira eb, he tauira ib, he tauira mb, he tauira pxb |
| Rohe 2 | I roto i te ~10 m whakapae o ngā putanga hau, ngā papa i runga ake i ngā tāke utanga, ngā putunga peita | Gc | Mai i te ec, Mai ic, Mai i te mc, Mai i te pzc |
| Kaore he-mōrearea | Ngā wāhi noho, ngā whare wira, ngā wāhi mīhini i waho o ngā rūma whakarite wahie | n / he | Ngā taputapu paerewa mō te taumata moana kua whakatauria ki te IP |
Ngā tauira noa – me whakaū ngā rohe tūturu o te rohe mōrearea ki te tuhi whakarōpūtanga rohe mōrearea kua whakaaetia e te kaipuke. E whakaatu ana te ripanga i ngā rohe noa o te IEC 60092-502 anake.
Kāore e ranea te whakatau i te wāhi morearea anake hei whakaoti i te kōwhiringa. Me whai whakaaro hoki ki te rōpū hau me te akomanga pāmahana hei whakaoti i te whakatakotoranga. Kāore ngā rama kua tohua ko te IIB e pai mō ngā wāhi kei reira pea te hauwai, ā, ko ngā kaikawe hau wai me ngā rārangi utanga uaua me whakamahi i te rōpū hau IIC. Ka whakatauhia te akomanga pāmahana e te pāmahana mata mōrahi o te rama, me te pāmahana mura o te utanga hei rohe mōrahi.
Kāore e taea e ATEX me IECEx te whakarerekē i ēnei herenga ā-tinana, nā te mea e hangai ana ēnei e rua ki te huinga kotahi o ngā tikanga whakamātautau IEC 60079. Ko te rerekētanga tūturu i waenga i ngā pūnaha e rua ko te tiwhikete e piri ana ki te rama, ehara i te ara mura i miihinihia ki roto i te whare.
Ka taea te whiwhi mōhiohio katoa mā te pānui i te raupapa tohu i runga i te raupapa. Hei tauira, ko te tikanga o Ex db IIB T4 Gb : he ārai mura, he rōpū hau IIB, he rohe pāmahana mata mōrahi o te 135 °C, me te EPL Gb, e tika ana mō te Rohe 1. Ko te arotahi noa ki ngā tohu tuatahi e rua te take e tāutahia ai ngā rama kāore i te ōrite ki runga i te papa.
Mā te rehu tote, te wiri me te horoi ka whakawhāiti ake i ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana. Me mau tonu te ātete ahi o te rama waipuke moana maitai kore waikura 316L kua tohua mō te rohe hinu utanga i roto i ngā hononga whai muri i ngā tau maha o te whakaekenga o te hauhāora – he take rauemi tēnei, ehara i te take tiwhikete.
Te Rerekētanga o te Kara Whenua: He aha i Whakakahoretia ai e ngā Kaipuke Tāke Kara-US ngā Rama ATEX Anake
Kāore ngā kaipuke haki-Amerika e whakaae ki ngā taputapu kei a rātou anake te tiwhikete ATEX. Kua kī te US Coast Guard (USCG) i roto i te Ship Inspection Notice 01-12 kāore ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia i raro i te ATEX Directive e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga o te 46 CFR 111.105-7(a) ā, me whakakapi, me haere tahi rānei me te taunakitanga i mahia te whakamātautau e tētahi taiwhanga motuhake i whakaaetia e te USCG. E whakaū ana te reta kaupapa here CG-ENG 01-13 i te tūranga kotahi mō ngā whakaurunga ki tāwāhi.
He tikanga whakahaere te take, kaua ki te hangarau. Mā ATEX ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakamana i a rātou anō i ngā taputapu Kāwai 3 e hāngai ana ki te Rohe 2, engari ko te Kaitiaki Tai e hiahia ana kia tirotirohia ngā whakamātautau e tētahi taiwhanga motuhake. Nā te mea e hangai ana ngā pūnaha e rua ki ngā whakamātautau IEC 60079 kotahi, ko te tikanga he pūrongo tāpiri noa iho tā te taiwhanga whaimana e hiahiatia ana mō te hua kotahi kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga.
He rite te hiranga o te tuhinga ki te taputapu. I raro i te 46 CFR 110.25-1, me pupuri e ngā kaipuke he wāhi morearea ngā tuhi e whakaatu ana i te whānuitanga o ia wāhi kua whakarōpūtia me te momo taputapu kua tāutahia, me te tautokona e tētahi tiwhikete whakamātautau taiwhanga motuhake, e tētahi Tiwhikete Whakatutukitanga IECEx (CoC) rānei.
Ka taea te ine i te pēhanga o te whakatinanatanga. I roto i tana Pūrongo ā-Tau 2025, i tukuna i te 1 o Hūrae 2026, i tuhia e te MoU o Parī he 16,474 ngā tirotiro, he 51,797 ngā hapa me te 688 ngā pupuri, tae atu ki te 646 ngā hapa e pā ana ki ngā whakaurunga hiko whānui. Kua whakapakarihia hoki e ngā whakahaere ā-rohe ā rātou mahi tirotiro.
He mārama hoki ngā whakaritenga mō te tohu kaimahi. I te marama o Hūrae 2025, i whakaputa te Rēhitatanga kaipuke o Liberia i te Pānui Moana 12/2025 Whakahoutanga 1, hei whakamahara i ngā kaiwhakahaere ko ngā kaimahi kua whakangungua tika anake ka taea te tirotiro me te pupuri i ngā tāutanga hiko kua whakamanahia kia tiakina-pahūtanga i runga i ngā kaipuke tāke, ngā kaikawe hau wai me ngā kaipuke e pā ana ki te Ture IGF. Mā te aratohu tika mō te whakatere moana me te whiriwhiri rama papa e āwhina i ngā kaimahi ki te karo i te whakakapi hē i ngā puna rama kua whakamanahia ki ngā mea kāore i whakamanahia i te wā tiaki o ia rā.
Te Hanga i te Puranga Tiwhikete e Hiahiatia ana e te Hokonga Moana
E whā ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana, kaua e kotahi. Ko te tikanga, me whiwhi te rama moana Rohe 1 i te Tiwhikete Whakaaetanga IECEx, i te whakaaetanga momo a te rōpū whakarōpū, i te pūrongo whakamātautau taiao moana, me te tiwhikete ATEX mēnā kei te mākete EU anō hoki taua hua. E ai ki te IECEx, neke atu i te 60 ngā tinana tiwhikete whaimana (ExCB) o te pūnaha i roto i te neke atu i te 35 whenua.
| paearu | ATEX | IECEx |
|---|---|---|
| Te āhua ture | Ture EU, he mea whakahau mō te whakatakotoranga mākete EEA | Kaupapa ā-ao tūao i raro i te IEC |
| E pā ana ki ngā taputapu i runga kaipuke? | Kāo, kāore i whakaurua e te Ture 1(2)(e) | Āe, te ara e tumanakohia ana |
| Te tinana tuku | Te Rōpū Whakamōhiotia (ExNB) | Te Rōpū Tiwhikete (ExCB) |
| Tuhinga putanga | Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Momo EU | Tiwhikete Whakaaetanga (CoC) |
| Kua whakaaetia te whakamana-whaiaro | Āe, Kāwai 3 (Rohe 2/22) | No |
| Te tirotiro tonu i te wheketere | Mā te whakamōhiotanga QA | Ngā arotake QAR e hiahiatia ana |
| E whakaaetia ana i runga i ngā kaipuke haki-Amerika | Kāore (USCG MIN 01-12) | Āe (46 CFR 110.25-1) |
| Pūtake raraunga tiwhikete tūmatanui | Kāore he rēhita pokapū | Āe, he pūnaha tiwhikete ipurangi a IECEx |
He pānga arumoni tō te raupapatanga o te tiwhikete. Ka taea e te pūrongo whakamātautau a IECEx (ExTR) me te pūrongo aromatawai kounga (QAR) te tautoko i ngā tono ATEX e whai ake nei, engari kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā pūrongo ATEX hei tautoko i ngā tono IECEx. Nō reira, ko ngā kaihanga e aro ana ki ngā mākete moana me ngā mākete o uta ka whiwhi tuatahi i te IECEx, kātahi ka tāpiri i te ATEX hei whai ake.
Whai muri i tēnei whakamārama, ehara a ATEX me IECEx i te kōwhiringa "kotahi" me "kotahi" engari he pātai raupapatanga: tuatahi tikina te tiwhikete me te whānuitanga o te tono, kātahi ka tāpirihia ngā tiwhikete ā-rohe mō ngā mākete e hiahiatia ana e te ture.
He rerekē rawa ngā tiwhikete whakaaetanga momo rōpū whakarōpū. E ai ki te raupapa IEC 60068, ka manatokohia e te DNV, ABS, Lloyd's Register (LR), Bureau Veritas (BV) me te China Classification Society (CCS) te pai o te moana mā roto i ngā whakamātautau wiri, pikinga me te pāmahana. Kāore e taea e te tiwhikete IECEx te whakaatu mēnā ka taea e te rama te mahi noa i te rekereke 22.5-tohu.
Ko ngā whakaritenga tiaki urunga he wāhanga anō hoki o te puranga. Ko ngā rama tuwhera-papa i ngā wāhi utanga he mea tohu ki ngā whakatauranga IP66, IP67 rānei hei tu atu i ngā ngaru me te horoi pehanga teitei. Me whakarite e te whakatauranga tiaki urunga ka taea e te whare te tu atu i te pānga o te rehu tote.
Kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō tēnei puranga tiwhikete. I tuhia e te tūāpapa Alternative Fuels Insight a DNV he 137 ngā ota mō ngā kaipuke wahie rerekē i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2026, ā, 73 o ēnei he wahie LNG. Ko ia kaipuke kei raro i te IGF Code ka whai wāhi atu ki ngā wāhi morearea, pērā i ngā teihana puranga me ngā rūma whakarite wahie, e hiahia ana ki te rama whaimana.
Tuhia te puranga tiwhikete ki roto i te ota hoko kaua e whaia i te wā whakatūnga. Mā te tono i te nama IECEx CoC, te tiwhikete whakaae momo akomanga me te pūrongo whakamātautau tiaki urunga me te puka uiui taputapu hiko moana ka hurihia ngā rapunga tuhinga motuhake e toru hei kotahi.
FAQ
Kāore, kāore. Ko te Ture 2014/34/EU, Tuhinga 1(2)(e), kāore e whakaurua ngā waka moana me ngā waeine nekeneke o uta me ā rātou taputapu i runga i te kaipuke nā te mea e kapi ana te Kawenata IMO i ngā mōrearea e tika ana. Kāore e hiahiatia he tiwhikete ATEX mō ngā rama moana, engari ki te mea kei a ia tētahi, ka arotake tonu ngā kairūri o te rōpū whakarōpū i te tāutanga i runga anō i te IEC 60092-502 me te IEC 60079.
Āe, mō ngā taputapu kei runga i te waka, e whakaaetia ana te tiwhikete IECEx, ā, koinei te huarahi tiwhikete e tumanakohia ana. Heoi, kāore e taea e IECEx te whakakapi i a ATEX mō ngā taputapu kua whakanohoia ki te mākete EU mō ngā whakaurunga ki tai, ki uta rānei. Ka taea e te Pūrongo Whakamātautau IECEx (ExTR) me te Pūrongo Aromatawai Kounga (QAR) te tautoko i tētahi tono ATEX, koia te take e whiwhi ai ngā kaihanga i te tiwhikete IECEx i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tono mō ATEX.
Āe. E ai ki te 46 CFR 110.25-1, ka taea te tautoko i ngā tuhi rohe morearea e te Tiwhikete Whakatutukitanga IECEx, e te Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Taiwhanga Motuhake rānei. Ko te Pānui Tirotiro Waka 01-12 e homai ana i te whakatau rerekē mō ngā taputapu kua whakamanahia e ATEX: ko ngā taputapu me te tiwhikete ATEX anake kāore e tutuki i te 46 CFR 111.105-7(a) me whakakapi, me whakamātautau anō rānei.
E ai ki te IEC 60092-502, ko te rūma papu utanga me ngā wāhi i roto i te 3 mita o ngā pūhaumāota o te tāke hinu utanga kua whakarōpūtia hei Rohe 1, ā, me whai taputapu kua whakatauria e Gb. Ko ngā wāhi i roto i te tata ki te 10 mita o te putanga pūhaumāota kua whakarōpūtia hei Rohe 2, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā rama kua whakatauria e Gc pērā i te Ex ec. Me whakatau te whānuitanga tika mai i te tuhi whakarōpūtanga wāhi morearea kua whakaaetia.
Kāo. He rerekē ngā whakaritenga e whakatutukihia ana e ngā tiwhikete e rua. E whakaū ana te tiwhikete IECEx kei te tutuki ngā taputapu i ngā whakaritenga tiaki pahūtanga e ai ki te IEC 60079, ko te whakaaetanga momo a te rōpū whakarōpūtanga (hei tauira, DNV, ABS, LR, BV, CCS) e whakaū ana i te pai o te moana mā roto i ngā whakamātautau wiri, pikinga, me te pāmahana i runga i te IEC 60068. Ko ngā kaipuke whakarōpūtia e hiahiatia ana ngā tiwhikete e rua; ko ngā taputapu me tētahi anake o aua mea kāore e whakaaetia.
Opaniraa
Ko te whakataurite i te ATEX me te IECEx ka arahi ki ngā whakatau rerekē i te moana me te whenua. Nā te mea kāore e whakaurua ngā waka moana me ā rātou taputapu i runga i te ATEX Directive 2014/34/EU, ko te huinga tiwhikete kua whakaaetia mō te rama moana ko te tiwhikete IECEx me te whakaaetanga momo rōpū whakarōpū. Ka pā tonu te ATEX ki ngā whakaurunga pūmau ki uta me ngā hua e tukuna ana ki te mākete o te EU. Ka horapa atu hoki ngā rerekētanga ki ngā ture ā-rohe haki: ka taea e ngā waka haki-US te whakakorekore i ngā taputapu kua tiwhiketehia e te ATEX. Me whakarōpū tuatahi te rohe morearea, kātahi ka tīpakohia te huinga tiwhikete tika.
