Shin jami'in agogon zai iya aika SOS ta amfani da fitilar ba tare da duba katin lamba ba? Shin ma'aikatan siyan ku za su iya bambance tsakanin fitilar sigina da fitilar bincike akan buƙatar siye?
Waɗannan tambayoyi biyu sun fi muhimmanci fiye da yadda suke a da. Ba a sake amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ta Morse a matsayin babbar hanyar sadarwa ta jiragen ruwa da tsaro a ƙarƙashin tsarin GMDSS na zamani ba. Duk da haka, siginar lambar Morse ta ruwa ta hanyar haske ta kasance buƙatar ɗaukar kaya ta tilas, kuma kayan aikin da suka cika wannan buƙata suna da takamaiman bayani. Idan aka sayi fitilar da ba ta dace ba, mai duba tashar jiragen ruwa (PSC) zai rubuta ta a matsayin ƙarancinta.
Yadda Siginar Lambobin Morse na Marine Morse ke Aiki: Lokaci, Sauri, da Tsarin Saƙo
Matsakaicin ƙimar siginar walƙiyar haske shine haruffa 40 a minti ɗaya, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin Dokar Sigina ta Duniya (Pub. 102) wanda Hukumar Kula da Sirri ta Ƙasa (NGA) ta buga. Digo shine raka'a ɗaya, dash shine raka'a uku, kuma tazara tsakanin kalmomi biyu shine raka'a bakwai.
Ma'anar wannan lambar ana ƙayyade ta hanyar tsawon lokaci, ba ta hanyar mita ba, don haka dole ne lokacin ya zama daidai lokacin aikawa; in ba haka ba, saƙon na iya zama ba daidai ba. Rabo da aka bayar a sama ƙima ce ta daidai. Pub. 102 kuma yana ba da shawara mai amfani: mai aikawa zai iya rage digo kaɗan idan aka kwatanta da dash, wanda hakan zai sa abubuwa biyu su fi sauƙin rarrabewa a gani.
| Sinadarin | duration |
|---|---|
| dot | 1 naúrar |
| Dash | 3 raka'a |
| Tazara tsakanin abubuwan harafi ɗaya | 1 naúrar |
| Tazara tsakanin haruffa | 3 raka'a |
| Tazara tsakanin kalmomi ko ƙungiyoyi | 7 raka'a |
| Matsakaicin ƙimar sigina | Haruffa 40 a minti daya |
Siginar da haske ke aikawa ta ƙunshi sassa huɗu, maimakon rubutu kyauta.
- Kashi na farko shine kiran, wanda zai iya zama kira na gaba ɗaya ko siginar gano tashar da ake kira.
- Kashi na biyu shine asalin, wanda ya fara da "DE" sannan sai alamar kiran mai aikawa ta biyo baya. Kashi na uku shine rubutun, wanda a ciki aka sanya rukunin lambobi a gaban "YU".
- A ƙarshe, sadarwa ta ƙare da siginar ƙarewa "AR", ɗayan ɓangaren kuma ya amsa da "R".
Ana amfani da siginar tsari don kiyaye musayar tsari, kuma ɓangarorin biyu ba sa buƙatar raba harshe ɗaya. Ana amfani da "AA AA AA" don nufin tashar da ba a sani ba. Ana amfani da "TTTT" don amsa wannan kiran. "T" guda ɗaya yana nuna cewa an karɓi kowace kalma, "EEEEEE" yana nuna soke ƙungiyar da aka aika ba daidai ba, kuma "RPT" yana nuna buƙatar maimaitawa.
Ana amfani da siginar haruffa ɗaya don aika saƙonni mafi mahimmanci.
- "U" yana nufin "Kana fuskantar haɗari".
- "V" yana nufin "Ina buƙatar taimako".
- "K" yana nufin "Ina so in yi magana da kai".
Ya kamata Masters su lura cewa haruffan da aka yiwa alama da tauraro a cikin gidan giya. 102 za a iya amfani da su ne kawai a matsayin siginar sauti idan sun bi ƙa'idodin gujewa karo.
Wannan ƙuntatawa kuma ya nuna cewa sadarwa ta gani ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a kan gadar. Jiragen ruwa biyu waɗanda ba su da harshe ɗaya kuma ba za su iya amfani da VHF ba har yanzu za su iya musayar matsayi, niyya, da matsayin damuwa ta hanyar littafin lambar da ɓangarorin biyu ke riƙe da shi. Mataki na gaba shine zaɓar kayan aiki da suka dace da wannan hanyar, kuma layin samfurin fitilar siginar ruwanmu ya lissafa zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban ta nau'in hawa.
Bukatun Fitilar Sigina ta SOLAS: Abin da Fitilar Aldis Dole Take Bayarwa
Babi na V na SOLAS, Sashe na 19.2.2.2 ya buƙaci cewa kowace jirgi mai tan 150 na jimillar jiragen ruwa da suka yi aiki a ƙasashen waje ya kasance sanye da fitilar siginar hasken rana. Ƙudurin IMO MSC.95(72) ya saita ƙa'idar karɓa a candela 60,000. A yanayin watsawa na yanayi na 0.8, kewayon da ake iya gani a rana shine mil 2 na ruwa.
Wannan tanadin ya haɗa da wani yanayi da za a iya kauce masa cikin sauƙi: bai kamata fitilar ta dogara gaba ɗaya akan babban wutar lantarki ko wutar lantarki ta gaggawa ta jirgin ba. Musamman, dole ne a sanya mata batirin da za a iya ɗauka. ISO 25861:2007 ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke cikin MSC.95(72) kuma an tabbatar da cewa har yanzu tana aiki a cikin bita na ISO 2023. Ma'aunin ya iyakance jimlar nauyin batirin zuwa kilogiram 7.5 kuma yana buƙatar lokacin aiki ba ƙasa da awanni 2 ba.
| siga | Bukatar da aka bayar a ƙarƙashin MSC.95(72)/ISO 25861 |
|---|---|
| Lantarki mai karfi | 60,000 cd, yana ba da ganuwa ta 2 nm a watsawa 0.8 |
| Ƙarfin axial | Akalla kashi 90% na matsakaicin |
| Bambancin rabin kololuwa | Ba fiye da digiri 9 ba |
| Bambancin tsaunin kololuwa na goma | Ba fiye da digiri 14 ba |
| Kunnawa da lokacin kashewa | Ba fiye da 500 ms ba |
| ingress kariya | Mafi ƙarancin IP 56, zuwa IEC 60529 |
| Nauyin batirin da ake ɗauka | Ba fiye da kilogiram 7.5 ba a cika |
| Juriyar Baturi | Ba kasa da awanni 2 ba |
| Bangaren fitar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli | Raba |
Bukatun tsarin hasken ya fi tsauri fiye da na yawancin fitilun da ake amfani da su a gabaɗaya. Ƙarfin hasken axial dole ne ya kai aƙalla kashi 90% na matsakaicin ƙimar, kuma rarrabawar ƙarfin dole ne ya ragu daidai gwargwado daga kololuwar da ke tsakiya. Kusurwar bambancin rabin kololuwa dole ne ta kasance cikin digiri 9, kuma kusurwar bambancin kololuwa ɗaya bisa goma dole ne ta kasance cikin digiri 14.
An kuma bayyana launin a sarari. Hasken siginar fari dole ne ya faɗi a cikin kusurwa shida na zane-zanen chromaticity na CIE, wanda ba ya haɗa da hasken shuɗi-fari mai sanyi da wasu gyare-gyaren LED suka samar. Daidaiton lantarki ya biyo bayan ƙudurin IMO A.694(17) da A.813(19), da kuma IEC 60945.
An tsara wasu buƙatu na tsari don yanayin jirgin ruwa. Ya kamata a tsara fitilar don rage tsangwama ga kamfas ɗin maganadisu kuma ya bi ƙa'idodin kayan aikin ruwa masu aminci ga kamfas. Ya kamata a guji riƙe fitilun irin sukurori, dole ne a maye gurbin tushen haske a cikin duhu, kuma dole ne a hana cunkoso a cikin gida.
Dole ne wannan fitilar ta kasance mai sauƙin aiki ga ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa, ba ga ma'aikata kawai ba. MSC.95(72) yana buƙatar ma'aikata sanye da safar hannu masu nauyi su iya aiki da ita, kuma jimlar lokacin sauyawa (kunnawa da kashewa) bai kamata ya wuce milise 500 ba don tabbatar da walƙiya mai tsabta da daidaito a ƙimar haruffa 40 a minti ɗaya. Don samfuran da aka tsara don biyan waɗannan buƙatun, duba ƙayyadaddun fasaha na fitilar siginar hasken rana ta TG3.
Fitilar Sigina, Hasken Juyawa ko Hasken Bincike? Fitilar Uku, Dokoki Uku
Waɗannan na'urori guda uku ne masu zaman kansu, kowannensu yana da tushe daban-daban na shari'a. Fitilar siginar hasken rana ta yi daidai da Babi na V na SOLAS, Dokar 19. Fitilar da ke juyawa ta yi daidai da Mataki na 34(b) na Dokokin Duniya don Hana Haɗuwa a Teku (COLREG), wanda ke buƙatar haske mai haske mai zagaye tare da matsakaicin nisan mil 5 na ruwa. Fitilar bincike ta yi daidai da Mataki na 36.
| Items | Fitilar siginar hasken rana | Hasken juyawa | Taswirar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tushen doka | SOLAS V/19.2.2.2 | Dokar COLREG ta 34(b) | Dokar COLREG ta 36 |
| Nufa | Aika saƙonni a cikin Morse | Alamar wani tsari da ke gudana | Jawo hankali, haskaka haɗari |
| Output | Hasken da aka mayar da hankali kan cd 60,000 | Fari mai zagaye, mafi ƙarancin 5 nm | Hasken alkibla, babu adadi mai ƙayyadadden tsari |
| Lambobin da aka yi amfani da su | Ƙungiyoyin Cikakken Morse da ICS | Haske ɗaya, biyu ko uku kawai | Babu |
| Dokar iko | Ba wai kawai wadatar jigilar kaya ba | Kayayyakin jirgin ruwa, wanda ya dace da Annex I | Kayayyakin jigilar kaya |
Siginar haske da ke cikin Mataki na 34(b) ba lambar Morse ba ce, kuma sau da yawa wannan shine inda rikicewa ke tasowa.
- Haske ɗaya yana nufin "Ina canza hanyata zuwa tauraro."
- Haske biyu yana nufin "Ina canza hanyata zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa."
- Walƙiya uku na nufin "Ina aiki da turawar astern."
Kowace walƙiya tana ɗaukar kimanin daƙiƙa 1, tare da tazara ta kimanin daƙiƙa 1 tsakanin walƙiya, kuma tazara tsakanin sigina masu zuwa ba za ta gaza daƙiƙa 10 ba.
Mataki na 36 ya ƙunshi aiki na uku. A cewar 33 CFR 83.36, jirgin ruwa na iya jagorantar hasken bincike zuwa ga wani haɗari don jawo hankali, muddin ba a yi kuskuren ɗaukar hasken a matsayin wani taimako ga kewayawa ba. Wannan doka kuma tana tunatar da ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa da su guji amfani da fitilun da ke juyawa ko masu ƙarfi, kamar fitilun bugun jini.
Cibiyar Kula da Jiragen Ruwa ta nuna cewa siginar Mataki na 34(b) ba ta da tasiri sosai a lokacin hasken rana kuma ana iya fassara ta ba daidai ba a matsayin sigina don jawo hankali, musamman lokacin da ake canza hanya zuwa tauraro. Ko wannan sukar ta dace ko a'a, yana nuna babban ma'anar siyan: saitin dokoki uku, nau'ikan fitilu uku, kuma ba za a iya musanya su ba. Wannan kuma shine dalilin da ya sa aka jera jerin hasken bincikenmu na ruwa daban da kayan aikin siginar mu.
Bayyanawa da Duba Fitilar Siginar Morse: Lambobin da ke da Muhimmanci
Hukumar Kula da Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa ta ɗauki fitilun sigina a matsayin wani abu mai zaman kansa da ke ƙarƙashin tsaron hanyoyin jiragen ruwa. Yarjejeniyar Paris ta sami adadin tsarewa na kashi 4.18% a yankinta a shekarar 2025, wanda ya karu daga kashi 4.03% a shekarar 2024. Saboda haka, ya cancanci a gudanar da gwajin karɓuwa bisa ga ƙa'idodin ISO kafin a kawo su.
Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Transactions on Maritime Science a shekarar 2024 ya lissafa lambobin ƙarancin na'ura a ƙarƙashin amincin kewayawa, inda aka yi rikodin "fitilar sigina" daban da "fitilun kewayawa," "siffofi," da "siginar sauti." Wannan yana nufin mai duba PSC zai iya bayar da ƙarancin na'ura musamman ga wannan fitilar. Fitilar da za ta iya walƙiya ba lallai ba ne fitilar da ta dace da ita.
Waɗannan duba guda biyar za su iya bambanta fitilar da ta dace da fitilar da ke da ƙarfi sosai:
- Duba ko takardar shaidar nau'in fitilar da gwajin ta nuna cewa ta bi ƙa'idodin aikin IMO da suka dace da ƙa'idodin kayan aikin ruwa masu dacewa, kamar MSC.95(72) da ISO 25861.
- Ƙarfin hasken axial da aka auna shine 60,000 cd, tare da rahoton gwajin photometric.
- Batirin da ake ɗauka: bai wuce kilogiram 7.5 ba, yana da juriya na awanni 2 da aka gwada, kuma an sanya wa jikin fitilar ko akwatin batirin alamar caji.
- Aƙalla IP56, duk sassan ba su da maganadisu, kuma tsarin niyya an gyara shi kuma yana layi ɗaya da axis na gani.
- Alamar yanayin aiki da ake iya gani wanda mai aiki zai iya gani yayin watsawa.
Wajibcin horo yana da mahimmanci kamar buƙatun kayan aiki. Tebur A-II/1 na Yarjejeniyar STCW yana buƙatar jami'in agogon ya iya aika da karɓar siginar damuwa ta SOS ta hanyar hasken Morse da kuma amfani da siginar haruffa ɗaya daga Dokokin Sigina na Duniya. Fitilun da ke kan fikafikan gada biyu wani ɓangare ne na kayan aikin da aka tantance, ba wai kawai kayan ado ba.
Kayayyakin gyara suma sun cancanci kulawa a matakin yin oda. Domin dole ne a maye gurbin tushen haske a cikin duhu, kuma ba a ba da shawarar amfani da masu riƙe fitila irin su skru ba, tsarin maye gurbin galibi kayan aiki ne na musamman maimakon kayan shiryayye na yau da kullun. Siyan waɗannan tare da fitilar na iya hana ƙarancin lokacin tafiya. Takardar bayanai ta hasken binciken marine mai ɗaukuwa ta TG3-A ta lissafa abubuwan da ke da alaƙa.
FAQ
Haka ne, amma a cikin nau'in siginar haske na gani maimakon siginar rediyo. GMDSS ta maye gurbin Morse radiotelegraphy, amma SOLAS Babi na V, Dokar 19.2.2.2 har yanzu tana buƙatar jiragen ruwa masu nauyin tan 150 zuwa sama da ke aiki a cikin kewayawa na ƙasashen duniya don ɗaukar fitilar siginar hasken rana. Sojojin ruwa kuma sun riƙe wannan ikon, kuma Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka sun gwada na'urorin da ke canza rubutu mai makulli zuwa fitilun walƙiya.
A bisa ga Dokar 19.2.2.2 ta SOLAS Babi na V, jiragen ruwa masu nauyin tan 150 zuwa sama da ke aiki a fannin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje dole ne su ɗauki ɗaya. Bai kamata fitilar ta dogara ne kawai da wutar lantarkin jirgin ba. Dokokin ƙasa na iya faɗaɗa iyakokin amfani. Dokokin Tsaron Kewaya na Kanada, 2020, sun shafi irin wannan iyaka ta tan ga jiragen ruwa da ke aiki a fannin zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na ƙasashen waje.
SOS ya ƙunshi walƙiya mai gajeru uku, walƙiya mai tsayi uku, da walƙiya mai gajeru uku: … — … A matsakaicin ƙimar haruffa 40 a minti ɗaya, digo yana ɗaukar kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa biyar na daƙiƙa, kuma dash yana ɗaukar kusan sau uku na tsawon digo. Tebur A-II/1 na Yarjejeniyar STCW ya lissafa aikawa da karɓar wannan siginar a matsayin ƙwarewar da aka kimanta ta jami'in agogon.
Matsakaicin ƙimar da Lambar Sigina ta Duniya ta saita shine haruffa 40 a minti ɗaya. Wannan ya fi jinkiri fiye da murya ko bayanai, don haka ana rage abubuwan sigina kuma ya dogara ne akan ƙungiyoyin lambar haruffa ɗaya da haruffa biyu. Ga kowace kalma da aka karɓa, tashar karɓa ta fara amsawa da walƙiya "T" guda ɗaya, kuma mai aikawa ya ci gaba.
A wani ɓangare. Tebur A-II/1 na Yarjejeniyar STCW yana buƙatar a aika da karɓar siginar SOS ta hanyar hasken Morse, kuma a yi amfani da siginar haruffa ɗaya a gani. Ba ya buƙatar ƙwarewar cikakken rubutu. Hukumomin ƙasa, ciki har da Amurka, sun amince da kwasa-kwasan fitilun walƙiya na musamman, yawanci na tsawon awanni 8, a matsayin shaidar wannan ƙwarewa.
Kammalawa
Ga jiragen ruwa masu nauyin tan 150 zuwa sama da ke aiki a ƙasashen waje, ɗaukar fitilar siginar hasken rana ya kasance abin da ake buƙata a yanzu na SOLAS. Babi na V, Dokar 19 ta ƙayyade waɗanne jiragen ruwa ne dole ne su ɗauki fitilar siginar hasken rana. MSC.95(72) da ISO 25861 sun ƙayyade buƙatun aiki da fitilar dole ta cika. Dokokin COLREG 34 da 36 sun shafi sauran nau'ikan fitilu guda biyu waɗanda galibi masu siye ke rikitar da su. Lokacin da aka rubuta ƙayyadaddun bayanai don haɗawa da 60,000 cd, iyakar batirin 7.5 kg, da IP56, tsarin dubawa ya zama mafi sauƙi kuma baya haifar da ƙarin matsaloli.
related Products
Kayan Aikin Siginar Ganuwa da Morse:
Hasken Siginar Hasken Rana na CXD8/CXD8-L
An ƙera shi don sadarwa ta siginar hasken rana tsakanin jiragen ruwa, tare da ganuwa har zuwa 2 nm da kariyar IP56.
Hasken Binciken Siginar Ruwa na TG3
An ƙera shi don musayar siginar gani mai nisa tsakanin jiragen ruwa, tare da ganuwa har zuwa nm 15.
AJ2 220V/10A Karfe Marine Morse Key
Maɓallin Morse na gargajiya na ruwa don aikace-aikacen siginar hannu, wanda ke ɗauke da kariyar IP56.
Sauran Kayan Aikin Siginar Ruwa:
Marine Electronic Horn BZCDD
Kayan aikin siginar sauti na lantarki don gujewa karo da ayyukan da ba a iya gani ba.
Nau'in Diaphragm na Ruwa na WD-1/WD-2/WD-3 Kaho na Hazo na Iska
Kayan aikin siginar sauti mai matse iska don kewaya hazo da gujewa karo.
Muryar Ruwa ta YLK/YLB/YL 24/110/220V
Jerin kararrawa na ruwa don sadarwa a cikin jirgin ruwa da siginar ƙararrawa.
